Custom essay eu

Custom essay eu

Proper paper writing includes a lot Custom Essay Eu of research and an ability to form strong arguments to defend your point of view. It also requires knowledge about how to present your thoughts on paper Custom Essay Eu right, how to catch the attention of the reader. Custom Essay Eu. (or Custom Essay Eu the readers) and to hold it until the /10() Custom Essay Eu it for you. "Can I pay someone to write my Custom Essay Eu paper in ?" This is a good question and the answer will be yes you can pay an academic writer to do the paper for you. Moreover, you can do Custom Essay Eu it safely so no one in college will find out about this. Selling essays used to be illegal something like ten years/10() Custom Essay Eu and PhD qualified experts working tirelessly to provide high quality Custom Essay Eu customized writing solutions to all your assignments including essays, term papers, research papers, dissertations, coursework and projects/10()

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This example European Union EU Essay is published for educational and informational purposes only. If you need a custom essay or research paper on this topic please use our writing services. com offers reliable custom essay writing services that can help you to receive high grades and impress your professors with the quality of each essay or research paper you hand in. In a world dominated by Westphalia states, custom essay eu, the European Union EU is unique. Never before have independent countries collectively ceded so much authority to a supranational polity.

The European experiment begun nearly sixty years ago has resulted in unprecedented economic and political integration. Although interest has fluctuated in conjunction with real-world developments, political scientists remain fixated on this sui generis organization. Yet empirical uniqueness need not preclude theoretical generalization. Custom essay eu this article, we examine the political custom essay eu of the EU along two dimensions. First, to what extent do scholars conceptualize the EU as sui generis versus a test case for broader theoretical development?

Second, to what extent do scholars endeavor either to export EU-derived theories outward toward other fields, geographic regions, and political phenomena or to import outside explanatory theories and tools into the political science of the EU? We proceed as follows, custom essay eu. First, we briefly review the various stages of European integration and describe the EU as it exists today, custom essay eu.

Next, we evaluate past waves of EU scholarship, paying particular attention to the degree to which scholars emphasized specific or general explanations of the EU experience.

We conclude with an assessment of the current state of the field. Custom essay eu work is ample, diverse, and represented in multiple venues that spotlight all types of EU-related political science. We propose that the most promising programs for future research are those that engage the EU both in its empirical specificity and in its opportunities for theoretical generality.

Following the devastation of World War II —western European elites committed themselves to peace through economic cooperation. Insix countries—Belgium, France, Germany, custom essay eu, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands— formed the European Coal and Steel Community ECSC through the Treaty of Paris, carrying out designs for a united Europe envisioned by Jean Monnet and proposed custom essay eu French foreign minister Robert Schuman.

The Treaty of Rome extended this cooperation to a broader functional sphere by calling for the establishment of a common market the European Economic Community within which goods, services, labor, and capital could circulate freely. The European Community, which emerged in the s, covered a wide range of economic and related policies through an institutional framework custom essay eu most importantly an executive and supranational European Commission, a legislative and intergovernmental Council of Ministers, a consultative supranational European Parliament EPand a supranational European Court of Justice.

A new treaty, custom essay eu, the Single European Act, entered into force in It called for completion of the single European market and undertook significant institutional reforms, including a return to majority voting in the Council of Ministers and an enhancement of the powers of the EP, the members of which had been directly and democratically elected since The Treaty on European Union the Maastricht Treaty expanded the sociopolitical ambitions of the new EU and outlined a future economic and monetary union, resulting in the adoption and circulation of a new single currency, the euro.

Its functional scope now ranges across most of the policy terrain once monopolized by the Westphalian state. The EU is unquestionably the most successful regional integration effort in the world, custom essay eu.

Nowhere else has a group of national governments repeatedly concentrated such extensive decision-making power in the hands of a largely supranational entity. Throughout its history, European integration has provided ample fodder for political scientists, who have approached its study in a variety of ways. Our review of the history of political science research on the EU is largely conventional, closely following accounts offered by James Caporaso and John Keeler and John Keeler Our main departure is to focus on the disciplinary contours of this custom essay eu and to emphasize the inter play between the specific and the general in the political science of the EU.

Conventional accounts date the first wave of political science research on the present-day EU from the late s to the early s. Three broad-scale grand theories of European integration emerged, all of which aspired to generalization either from the outside in assimilating Europe to patterns identified from geographically and historically different cases or from the inside out deriving general lessons from the postwar European experience. The first major approach began with a collective, interdisciplinary project led by political scientist Karl Deutsch of Princeton University.

Focused on the question of international community formation, Deutsch and colleagues in Political Community and the North Atlantic Area examined ten historical cases to generate propositions about the prospects for a North Atlantic community, including western Europe.

The greater the extent to which members of the units were assimilated into a common social space, the greater were the prospects for community formation custom essay eu political integration.

While political scientists undertook custom essay eu and quite sophisticated research along these lines during the next decade and a half, transactionalist research petered out by the early s, with an overall decline in political scientific interest in integration and the EU.

Neofunctionalism became a vibrant political science research program in the s. First, it gave rise custom essay eu a spate of research on regional integration beyond Europe.

While ambitious in their intent to generalize from the European experience, these efforts proved unsuccessful, especially insofar as less-developed countries were concerned.

Second, and at the same time, neofunctionalism grappled with challenges presented by developments within Europe itself. The resulting proliferation of concepts, variables, and measures suggested that neofunctionalism was an increasingly degenerating research program, custom essay eu.

The last approach in this wave and the major alternative to neofunctionalismintergovernmentalism, insisted on the primacy of nation-states and national experiences in delimiting European integration. Most forcefully articulated by Stanley Hoffmannit argued that integration would proceed only as far as national governments conspired to work together, as national interests would always retain precedence and thereby hinder the emergence of a truly supranational organization.

Supranational and transnational efforts to transcend these hard constraints would only antagonize states and further retrench state sovereignty in core areas. All three first-wave approaches aspired to general theoretical accounts of European integration. Deutsch and colleagues worked from the outside in, custom essay eu, assimilating the postwar North Atlantic experience to patterns of community formation identified from other times and places.

Hoffmann held the middle ground. In all three cases, theoretical elaborations and limitations, while aspiring to generality, mirrored facts on the ground, with the relatively optimistic neofunctional and transactionalist approaches holding sway when the EU was working well as a supranational organization and intergovernmentalism ascending when it was not, custom essay eu.

The second wave of political science research into the EU began with events in the real world, including the end of supranational integration post—de Gaulle and the end of custom essay eu postwar economic miracle in the major European economies. Haas announced the obsolescence of his own neofunctionalism. The zeitgeist involved a substantial abandonment of grand theory and a retreat into narrower, less custom essay eu work that eschewed generalization beyond the European custom essay eu. Work of this time was predominantly descriptive rather than explanatory or theoretical.

John Keeler brings several indicators to bear along these lines, the most custom essay eu of which is the retrenchment of work on the EU into specialized journals such as the Journal of Common Market Studies and the Journal of European Integration.

The European integration process was relaunched in the mids, most notably with the adoption of a single market program calling for the abolition of all internal barriers to economic exchange by the end of Two main contenders, custom essay eu, both rooted in general IR political science scholarship, emerged relatively quickly.

decline and the rise of Japanese economic power. Subsequent work emphasized similar features in explaining smaller-scale parts of EU integration and continued to insist on a foundation in IR, rather than integration, theory. The reemergence of accounts custom essay eu were at least consistent with, if not explicitly derived from, neofunctionalism generated a new intergovernmentalist response that emphasized the primacy of state interests in driving and delimiting the European integration process.

Andrew Moravcsik downplayed the entrepreneurial success of the European Commission, denied any inherent institutional logic toward deeper integration, custom essay eu, and minimized the role of transnational elites, custom essay eu. This IR-inspired liberal intergovernmental approach eventually provided a powerful synthesis combining a theory of institutional choice with rigorous accounts of state preference formation and interstate bargaining.

In contrast to liberal intergovernmentalism, the rediscovery of supranational institutions and transnational societal business actors found expression in a further body of third wave literature dealing not with the broad architecture of European integration i. This discovery of the law by political scientists working on the EU remains a key feature of the literature, custom essay eu.

Custom essay eu last third-wave developments bear mentioning here. First, there were at least two additional attempts at developing grand political science theories of European integration to rival the revived neofunctionalist and intergovernmentalist work.

The s also saw increasing attention to the American politics literature, with the adoption of ideas including spatial models, principal-agent models of delegation, and numerous others. The current phase of political science research into the EU represents a continuation of trends begun in the third wave. The grand theories of European integration have not gone away. References to neofunctionalism also known as supranationalism and intergovernmentalism remain de rigueur in the literature.

Yet the bulk of research is occupied with lower order problems tackled through middle-range theories, most often drawing on or at least consonant with broader political science literatures. Debates seem increasingly pragmatic rather than paradigmatic. Thus, the normalization of the EU in political science is perhaps the most striking feature of the present-day literature.

Recent work from both sides of the Atlantic draws on and informs non-EU work across the subfields and methodological traditions of the discipline. Four journals mainly devoted to the EU—Journal of Common Market Studies, Journal of European Integration, Journal of European Public Policy, and European Union Politics—speak equally to EU specialists and to political science generalists working in a wide range of subfields, custom essay eu.

The amount of EU-related work appearing in general custom essay eu is also on the rise. The degree of transatlantic and interdisciplinary cross-fertilization stands at unparalleled levels.

Thus, we reject any long-standing questions about subfield especially comparative and IR incompatibilities, custom essay eu an alleged transatlantic scholarly cleavage, and about the appropriateness of applying general political science to the sui generis EU. The analysis above documents the main approaches to the study of the EU along two complementary dimensions: the scope of their theoretical aims general or particular and the direction of theoretical application inside-out or outside in.

While not necessarily exclusive to any one period, the categories produced by this division allow us to capture the many ways in which EU scholarship has evolved and progressed over the years.

The first period attempted to develop generalizable theories of integration, both from the inside out and from the outside in. Scholarship eventually moved to a second, more sui generis period concerned with EU specific affairs when real-world integration decelerated.

The third period witnessed the resurgence of prior integration theories, the development of entirely new exportable theoretical explanations, and the application of imported explanatory frameworks to EU data. Over the long haul, custom essay eu in the present fourth wave, all of these trends have come to coexist.

While the EU is still undeniably unique, political custom essay eu now view it as a means for acquiring both general and specific knowledge. Having summarized the main trends in EU-related political science, we here conclude with some final thoughts on its future. We expect the EU, as the most advanced regional integration project worldwide, custom essay eu, to remain an important fixture of political science research for three reasons.

First, the EU continues to evolve, providing a living laboratory within which to study rigorously a great many political phenomena. Second, this evolution inspires political scientists insofar as it reveals both an EU specificity and suspected similarities to politicaleconomic, institutional, and behavioral processes operative elsewhere.

Precisely because it is so distinctive and seductive, the EU provides scholars with endless options for engaging in both inside-out and outside-in theoretical work, either of which satisfies the aspirations of general political science. Essay Examples. Political Science Custom essay eu Examples. ORDER HIGH QUALITY CUSTOM PAPER Always on-time, custom essay eu. FREE INQUIRY. ORDER NOW. Special offer! Promo code: cd1a Related Posts, custom essay eu.

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